batgrbproduct Analysis for Trigger=597519

Analysis Summary

Notes:

======================================================================
                  BAT GRB EVENT DATA PROCESSING REPORT
    Process Script Ver: batgrbproduct v2.46
    Process Start Time (local time): Sat Oct  4 23:18:25 EDT 2014
             Host Name: batevent1
   Current Working Dir: /local/data/batevent/batevent_reproc/trigger597519
======================================================================

  Trigger: 00597519      Segment: 000

  BAT Trigger Time: 420417661.952   [s; MET]
      Trigger Stop: 420417666.048   [s; MET]
               UTC: 2014-04-28T22:40:50.007020    [includes UTCF correction] 
       Where From?: TDRSS position message

  BAT 
    RA: 194.30789595948   Dec: 28.3219605402312  [deg; J2000]

     Catalogged Source?: NO
     Point Source?:      YES
     GRB Indicated?:     YES    [ by BAT flight software ]
     Image S/N Ratio:    8.54
     Image Trigger?:     NO
     Rate S/N Ratio:     12.369316876853  [ if not an image trigger ]
     Image S/N Ratio:    8.54

  Flight Position:   [ source = BAT ]
    RA: 194.30789595948   Dec: 28.3219605402312  [deg; J2000]

  Ground Position:   [ source = BAT pre-slew burst ]
    RA: 194.364281560349   Dec: 28.3314910846362  [deg; J2000]  
        { 12h 57m 27.4s , +28d 19' 53.4" }
         +/- 2.17011165891163 [arcmin] (estimated 90% radius based on SNR)
         +/- 0.894640840435795 [arcmin] (formal 1-sigma fit error)
    SNR: 10.056102559974
 
  Angular difference between Flight and Ground position is 3.032430 arcmin
 
  Partial Coding Fraction: 0.703125    [ including projection effects ]

  Duration
     T90: 17.4240000247955 +/- 5.89714506804888
        Measured from: -13.2800000309944
                   to: 4.14399999380112     [s; relative to TRIGTIME]
     T50: 8.17599999904633 +/- 2.67454972917641
        Measured from: -5.96799999475479
                   to: 2.20800000429153     [s; relative to TRIGTIME]



  Fluence
     Peak Flux  (peak 1 second)
        Measured from: 1.29999995231628     
                   to: 2.29999995231628     [s; relative to TRIGTIME]
     Total Fluence        
        Measured from: -14.1920000314713     
                   to: 5.82400000095367     [s; relative to TRIGTIME]
     
             Band 1     Band 2     Band 3     Band 4
              15-25      25-50     50-100    100-350     keV
 Total     0.141206   0.217306   0.156995   0.007239
           0.028104   0.029377   0.026471   0.025380 [error]
 Peak      0.016388   0.036290   0.021709   0.001207
           0.006651   0.007005   0.006211   0.005683 [error]

     [ fluence units of on-axis counts / fully illuminated detector ] 

======================================================================
 
=== Fluence/Peak Flux Summary ===
 
              Model    Band1    Band2    Band3    Band4    Band5    Total      
                       15-25    25-50   50-100  100-350   15-150   15-350   keV
Fluence   Power-law 4.79e-08 8.58e-08 1.18e-07 3.36e-07 3.40e-07 5.88e-07   erg/cm2
              Error 1.12e-08 1.32e-08 2.54e-08 1.49e-07 6.13e-08 1.72e-07   erg/cm2
Peak flux Power-law 2.02e-01 2.12e-01 1.57e-01 1.89e-01 6.44e-01 7.60e-01   ph/cm2/s
              Error 8.15e-02 5.57e-02 5.00e-02 1.21e-01 1.62e-01 1.98e-01   ph/cm2/s
 
Fluence   Cutoff-PL 4.15e-08 9.76e-08 1.20e-07 7.33e-08 3.07e-07 3.32e-07   erg/cm2
              Error 1.29e-08 1.78e-08 3.00e-08 1.49e-07 6.57e-08 1.56e-07   erg/cm2
Peak flux Cutoff-PL 1.68e-01 2.53e-01 1.60e-01 3.44e-02 6.08e-01 6.14e-01   ph/cm2/s
              Error 9.39e-02 8.37e-02 7.07e-02 8.31e-02 1.69e-01 2.21e-01   ph/cm2/s
 
Fluence        Band 4.12e-08 9.73e-08 1.19e-07 7.32e-08 3.07e-07 3.32e-07   erg/cm2
              Error -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------   erg/cm2
Peak flux      Band -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------   ph/cm2/s
              Error -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------   ph/cm2/s
 
=== Time-averaged spectral analysis ===
 
Model Ph_index Ph_90err Epeak  Epeak_90err Norm     Nomr_90err chi2   dof
PL    1.541    0.257    -      -           1.80e-03 2.95e-04   65.980 57
CPL   0.403    1.233      64.4  106.5      7.39e-03 2.07e-02   62.620 56
 
 
=== 1-s peak spectral analysis ===
 
Model Ph_index Ph_90err Epeak  Epeak_90err Norm     Nomr_90err chi2   dof
PL    1.431    0.415    -      -           5.25e-03 1.36e-03   55.410 57
CPL  -0.159    3.202      60.0  -22.6      3.98e-02 6.55e+00   53.750 56
 
Model      : spectral model: simple power-law (PL) and cutoff power-law (CPL)
Ph_index   : photon index: E^-{Ph_index} (minus sign is not included in the index)
Ph_90err   : 90% error of the photon index
Epeak      : Epeak in keV
Epeak_90err: 90% error of Epeak
Norm       : normalization at 50 keV in PL model and at 1 keV in CPL model
Nomr_90err : 90% error of the normalization
chi2       : Chi-Squared
dof        : degree of freedom
 
=== T90/T50 calculation in the 50-300 keV band (BATSE band) using 64 ms lc ===
 
T90 in the 50-300 keV band: 0.000000 sec.
T50 in the 50-300 keV band: 0.000000 sec.
 
=== Table of the duration information ==
 
        Value   tstart    tstop
T100   20.016  -14.192    5.824
T90    17.424  -13.280    4.144
T50     8.176   -5.968    2.208
Peak    1.000    1.300    2.300
  • Click here for the BAT GCN circular template

    Image

    Pre-slew 15.0-350.0 keV image (Event data)

    #   RAcent    DECcent   POSerr    Theta     Phi              Peak Cts       SNR   Name
      194.3643    28.3315   0.0192    21.5944   126.9027         0.5854731     10.056 TRIG_00597519                 
     
    Foreground time interval of the image:
    -14.192   5.824 (delta_t =  20.016 [sec])
    Background time interval of the image:
    -239.952 -14.192 (delta_t = 225.760 [sec])
    

    Lightcurves

    Notes:

    1 s binning

    From T0-310 s to T0+310 s
    From T100_start - 20 s to T100_end + 30 s
    Full time interval

    64 ms binning

    Full time interval
    From T100_start to T100_end
    From T0-5 sec to T0+5 sec

    16 ms binning

    From T100_start-5 s to T100_start+5 s
    Blue+Cyan dotted lines: Time interval of the scaled map
    From 0.000000 to 4.096000
    

    8 ms binning

    From T100_start-3 s to T100_start+3 s
    Blue+Cyan dotted lines: Time interval of the scaled map
    From 0.000000 to 4.096000
    

    2 ms binning

    From T100_start-1 s to T100_start+1 s
    Blue+Cyan dotted lines: Time interval of the scaled map
    From 0.000000 to 4.096000
    

    SN=5 or 10 sec. binning (whichever binning is satisfied first)

    SN=5 or 10 sec. binning (T < 200 sec)

    Quad-rate summed light curves (from T0-300s to T0+1000s)

    The mask-weighted light curves based on cleaned DPHs

    Spectral Evolution

    Spectra

    Notes:

    Time averaged spectrum fit using the average DRM

    Power-law model
    Time interval is from  -14.192 sec. to    5.824 sec.
     
    Spectral model in power-law:
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value       lower 90%   higher 90%
    Photon index: 1.54063     ( -0.253466   0.260353 )
    Norm@50keV  : 1.80206E-03    ( -0.000296823   0.000292541 )
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          65.98 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =          1.157 for     57 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   1.943536e-01
     
    Photon flux (15-150 keV)    in 20.02 sec: 0.227517 ( -0.0346032  0.0346153 ) ph/cm2/s
    Energy fluence (15-150 keV)             : 3.4009e-07 ( -6.0501e-08  6.2091e-08 ) ergs/cm2
     
    
    Cutoff power-law model
    Time interval is from  -14.192 sec. to    5.824 sec.
    Spectral model in the cutoff power-law:
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value       lower 90%   higher 90%
    Photon index: 0.402625     ( -1.397   1.06912 )
    Epeak [keV] : 64.4220      ( -16.7556 196.201 )
    Norm@50keV  : 7.39445E-03    ( -0.00739445   0.0339624 )
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          62.62 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =          1.118 for     56 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   2.529433e-01
     
    Photon flux (15-150 keV)    in 20.02 sec: 0.217965 ( -0.035504  0.035642 ) ph/cm2/s
    Energy fluence (15-150 keV)             : 3.06813e-07 ( -6.31451e-08  6.83062e-08 ) ergs/cm2
     
    
    Band function
    Time interval is from  -14.192 sec. to    5.824 sec.
     
    Spectral model in the Band function:
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value       lower 90%   higher 90%
    alpha       : -0.402648   ( -0.971718   1.19596 )
    beta        : -9.37167    ( 9.37167   19.3717 )
    Epeak [keV] : 64.4136      ( -15.8523 166.794 )
    Norm@50keV   : 7.39429E-03    ( -0.00739429   0.00649175 )
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          62.62 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =          1.139 for     55 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   2.240064e-01
     
    Photon flux (15-150 keV)    in 20.02 sec: 0.217948 (    ) ph/cm2/s
    Energy fluence (15-150 keV)             : 3.0659e-07 ( 0  0 ) ergs/cm2
     
    
    Single BB
     
    Spectral model blackbody:
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value    Lower 90%  Upper 90%
    kT [keV]    : 13.4695  (-2.25085  2.76942)
    R^2/D10^2   : 3.85458E-02  (-0.0186997   0.0351826)
    (R is the radius in km and D10 is the distance to the source in units of 10 kpc)
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          67.24 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =          1.180 for     57 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   1.664232e-01
     
    Energy  Fluence     90% Error
    [keV]   [erg/cm2]   [erg/cm2]
    15- 25  2.966e-08   8.920e-09
    25- 50  1.061e-07   2.337e-08
    50-150  1.241e-07   3.973e-08
    15-150  2.598e-07   6.223e-08
    
    Thermal bremsstrahlung (OTTB)
     
     
    Spectral model: thermal bremsstrahlung
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value         Lower 90%    Upper 90%
    kT [keV]    : 174.341       (-85.9481      -174.27)
    Norm        : 0.939735       (-0.1456     0.169973)
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          64.31 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =          1.128 for     57 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   2.360764e-01
     
    Energy  Fluence     90% Error
    [keV]   [erg/cm2]   [erg/cm2]
    15- 25  4.762e-08   2.667e-08
    25- 50  9.010e-08   4.994e-08
    50-150  1.886e-07   1.069e-07
    15-150  3.263e-07   1.829e-07
    
    Double BB
     
     
    Spectral model: bbodyrad<1> + bbodyrad<2>
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value         Lower 90%    Upper 90%
    kT1 [keV]   : 6.79089        (-3.63058      4.70455)
    R1^2/D10^2  : 0.217251        (-0.169201      3.25179)
    kT2 [keV]   : 19.8567        (-16.6979      25.9287)
    R2^2/D10^2  : 7.42088E-03    (-0.00715319   0.0168463)
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          62.04 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =          1.128 for     55 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   2.396925e-01
     
    Energy  Fluence     90% Error
    [keV]   [erg/cm2]   [erg/cm2]
    15- 25  4.251e-08   2.526e-08
    25- 50  9.639e-08   4.932e-08
    50-150  1.699e-07   9.373e-08
    15-150  3.088e-07   1.645e-07
    

    Peak spectrum fit

    Power-law model
    Time interval is from    1.300 sec. to    2.300 sec.
     
    Spectral model in power-law:
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value       lower 90%   higher 90%
    Photon index: 1.43081     ( -0.413228   0.415848 )
    Norm@50keV  : 5.25272E-03    ( -0.00136553   0.00134933 )
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          55.41 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =         0.9720 for     57 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   5.350976e-01
     
    Photon flux (15-150 keV)    in 1 sec: 0.644295 ( -0.161747  0.161982 ) ph/cm2/s
    Energy fluence (15-150 keV)             : 5.04491e-08 ( -1.42134e-08  1.47153e-08 ) ergs/cm2
     
    
    Cutoff power-law model
    Time interval is from    1.300 sec. to    2.300 sec.
    Spectral model in the cutoff power-law:
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value       lower 90%   higher 90%
    Photon index: -0.159128     ( -4.36613   2.03831 )
    Epeak [keV] : 59.9611      ( -14.5094 -59.7924 )
    Norm@50keV  : 3.98203E-02    ( -0.0405418   13.0637 )
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          53.75 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =         0.9598 for     56 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   5.604739e-01
     
    Photon flux (15-150 keV)    in 1 sec: 0.608256 ( -0.168852  0.169409 ) ph/cm2/s
    Energy fluence (15-150 keV)             : 4.26835e-08 ( -1.51252e-08  1.78747e-08 ) ergs/cm2
     
    
    Band function
    Time interval is from    1.300 sec. to    2.300 sec.
     
    Spectral model in the Band function:
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value       lower 90%   higher 90%
    alpha       : 4.58298   ( -4.58298   -4.58298 )
    beta        : -2.13476    ( -1.59456   0.763444 )
    Epeak [keV] : 37.7780      ( -37.778 11.5977 )
    Norm@50keV   : 29.0382    ( -7.04936   2.25376e+06 )
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          53.00 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =         0.9637 for     55 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   5.513809e-01
     
    Photon flux (15-150 keV)    in 1 sec:  (    ) ph/cm2/s
    Energy fluence (15-150 keV)             : 4.51819e-08 ( 0  0 ) ergs/cm2
     
    
    Single BB
     
    Spectral model blackbody:
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value    Lower 90%  Upper 90%
    kT [keV]    : 13.1286  (-3.0683  4.53099)
    R^2/D10^2   : 0.123394  (-0.080727   0.194598)
    (R is the radius in km and D10 is the distance to the source in units of 10 kpc)
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          54.37 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =         0.9538 for     57 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   5.744092e-01
     
    Energy  Fluence     90% Error
    [keV]   [erg/cm2]   [erg/cm2]
    15- 25  4.510e-09   2.215e-09
    25- 50  1.570e-08   7.795e-09
    50-150  1.720e-08   1.009e-08
    15-150  3.741e-08   1.593e-08
    
    Thermal bremsstrahlung (OTTB)
     
     
    Spectral model: thermal bremsstrahlung
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value         Lower 90%    Upper 90%
    kT [keV]    : 199.363       (-123.724      -199.363)
    Norm        : 2.65937       (-0.659823     0.659922)
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          54.95 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =         0.9641 for     57 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   5.522732e-01
     
    Energy  Fluence     90% Error
    [keV]   [erg/cm2]   [erg/cm2]
    15- 25  6.622e-09   4.015e-09
    25- 50  1.274e-08   7.655e-09
    50-150  2.794e-08   1.643e-08
    15-150  4.730e-08   2.821e-08
    
    Double BB
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          52.71 using 59 PHA bins.
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          52.59 using 59 PHA bins.
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          52.57 using 59 PHA bins.
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          52.55 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =         0.9584 for     55 degrees of freedom 
    # Reduced chi-squared =         0.9561 for     55 degrees of freedom 
    # Reduced chi-squared =         0.9559 for     55 degrees of freedom 
    # Reduced chi-squared =         0.9554 for     55 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   5.624983e-01
    # Null hypothesis probability =   5.673930e-01
    # Null hypothesis probability =   5.679498e-01
    # Null hypothesis probability =   5.689731e-01
     
    Energy  Fluence     90% Error
    [keV]   [erg/cm2]   [erg/cm2]
    15- 25  5.361e-09   3.510e-09
    25- 50  1.515e-08   1.023e-08
    50-150  2.683e-08   1.334e-08
    15-150  4.734e-08   2.484e-08
    

    Pre-slew spectrum (Pre-slew PHA with pre-slew DRM)

    Power-law model
     
    Spectral model in power-law:
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value       lower 90%   higher 90%
    Photon index: 1.54063     ( -0.253466   0.260353 )
    Norm@50keV  : 1.80206E-03    ( -0.000296823   0.000292541 )
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          65.98 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =          1.157 for     57 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   1.943536e-01
     
    Photon flux (15-150 keV)    in 20.02 sec: 0.227517 ( -0.0346032  0.0346153 ) ph/cm2/s
    Energy fluence (15-150 keV)             : 3.4009e-07 ( -6.0501e-08  6.2091e-08 ) ergs/cm2
     
    
    Cutoff power-law model
    Spectral model in the cutoff power-law:
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value       lower 90%   higher 90%
    Photon index: 0.402625     ( -1.397   1.06912 )
    Epeak [keV] : 64.4220      ( -16.7556 196.201 )
    Norm@50keV  : 7.39445E-03    ( -0.00739445   0.0339624 )
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          62.62 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =          1.118 for     56 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   2.529433e-01
     
    Photon flux (15-150 keV)    in 20.02 sec: 0.217965 ( -0.035504  0.035642 ) ph/cm2/s
    Energy fluence (15-150 keV)             : 3.06813e-07 ( -6.31451e-08  6.83062e-08 ) ergs/cm2
     
    
    Band function
     
    Spectral model in the Band function:
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Parameters  : value       lower 90%   higher 90%
    alpha       : -0.402648   ( -0.971718   1.19596 )
    beta        : -9.37167    ( 9.37167   19.3717 )
    Epeak [keV] : 64.4136      ( -15.8523 165.656 )
    Norm@50keV   : 7.39429E-03    ( -0.00739429   0.00649175 )
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    #Fit statistic : Chi-Squared =          62.62 using 59 PHA bins.
    # Reduced chi-squared =          1.139 for     55 degrees of freedom 
    # Null hypothesis probability =   2.240064e-01
     
    Photon flux (15-150 keV)    in 20.02 sec: 0.217948 (    ) ph/cm2/s
    Energy fluence (15-150 keV)             : 3.0659e-07 ( 0  0 ) ergs/cm2
     
    

    S(25-50 keV) vs. S(50-100 keV) plot

    S(25-50 keV)  = 8.58e-08
    S(50-100 keV) = 1.18e-07
    

    T90 vs. Hardness ratio plot

    T90                                   = 17.4240000247955 sec.
    Hardness ratio (energy fluence ratio) = 1.37529
    

    Color vs. Color plot

    Count Ratio  (25-50 keV) / (15-25 keV) = 1.53893
    Count Ratio (50-100 keV) / (15-25 keV) = 1.11182
    

    Mask shadow pattern

    IMX = -2.376703540841296E-01, IMY = -3.165160131851645E-01
    

    TIME vs. PHA plot around the trigger time

    Blue+Cyan dotted lines: Time interval of the scaled map
    From 0.000000 to 4.096000
    

    TIME vs. DetID plot around the trigger time

    Blue+Cyan dotted lines: Time interval of the scaled map
    From 0.000000 to 4.096000
    

    100 us light curve (15-350 keV)

    Blue+Cyan dotted lines: Time interval of the scaled map
    From 0.000000 to 4.096000
    

    Spacecraft aspect plot

    Bright source in the pre-burst/pre-slew/post-slew images

    Pre-burst image of 15-350 keV band

    Time interval of the image:
    -239.952000 -14.192000
     
    # RAcent  DECcent POSerr Theta    Phi  PeakCts   SNR AngSep     Name
    #  [deg]    [deg]    ['] [deg]  [deg]                   [']
    254.5897  35.3312    6.2  43.4   26.9   0.7309   1.9    6.5	Her X-1                       
    174.0863   4.9040    2.2  49.0  151.3   4.0115   5.3 ------	UNKNOWN                       
    146.0869   9.4860    2.6  58.3 -175.5   5.2515   4.5 ------	UNKNOWN                       
    219.4775  84.9582    3.2  35.6  -56.8   1.0836   3.7 ------	UNKNOWN                       
    

    Pre-slew background subtracted image of 15-350 keV band

    Time interval of the image:
    -14.192000 5.824000
     
    # RAcent  DECcent POSerr Theta    Phi  PeakCts   SNR AngSep     Name
    #  [deg]    [deg]    ['] [deg]  [deg]                   [']
    254.5765  35.4562    5.1  43.4   26.7  -0.2429  -2.3    9.0	Her X-1                       
    194.3642  28.3315    1.1  21.6  126.9   0.5854  10.1 ------	UNKNOWN                       
    124.6339  48.5901    2.7  45.5 -122.2   0.9024   4.3 ------	UNKNOWN                       
    

    Post-slew image of 15-350 keV band

    Time interval of the image:
    83.148590 271.748610
     
    # RAcent  DECcent POSerr Theta    Phi  PeakCts   SNR AngSep     Name
    #  [deg]    [deg]    ['] [deg]  [deg]                   [']
    254.4450  35.4280   19.5  50.8    5.3   0.2514   0.6    5.2	Her X-1                       
    250.7046  41.9357    2.4  47.2   -2.9   1.4817   4.8 ------	UNKNOWN                       
    138.5426   2.4078    3.3  59.0 -166.1   3.9658   3.5 ------	UNKNOWN                       
    133.8892  19.8263   11.2  55.3 -145.1   1.1857   1.0 ------	UNKNOWN                       
    
    Plot creation:
    Sat May 30 13:43:09 EDT 2015