Swift Observations of GRB 210807C

A.Y. Lien (GSFC/UMBC), P.A. Evans (U. Leicester) and S.J. LaPorte (PSU) for the Swift team

1. Introduction

At 22:57:08 UT, the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) triggered and located GRB 210807C (trigger=1064421) (Lien et al. GCN Circ. 30610). Swift slewed immediately to the burst. At the time of the trigger, the initial BAT position was 68° from the Sun (0.4 hours East) and 75° from the 0%-illuminated Moon. Table 1 contains the best reported positions from Swift, and the latest XRT position can be viewed at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_positions.

Table 2 is a summary of GCN Circulars about this GRB from observatories other than Swift.

Standard analysis products for this burst are available at https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/swift_gnd_ana.html.

2. BAT Observations and Analysis

As reported by Barthelmy et al. (GCN Circ. 30625), the BAT ground-calculated position is RA, Dec = 143.540, -51.409 deg which is RA(J2000) = 09h34m09.7s Dec(J2000) = -51°24'32.8" with an uncertainty of 1.0 arcmin, (radius, sys+stat, 90% containment). The partial coding was 20%.

The BAT light curve (Figure 1) showed a complex structure with a duration of about ~100 s. T90 (15-350 keV) is 89.97 ± 6.26 s (estimated error including systematics).

The time-averaged spectrum from T-31.36 to T+78.57 s is best fit by a simple power-law model. The power law index of the time-averaged spectrum is 1.65 ± 0.06. The fluence in the 15-150 keV band is 1.2 ± 0.0 x 10-5 erg cm-2. This fluence is larger than that of 93.7% of the long GRBs in the Second BAT GRB Catalog (Sakamoto et al. 2011). The 1-s peak photon flux measured from T-24.22 s in the 15-150 keV band is 4.0 ± 0.7 ph cm-2 s-1. All the quoted errors are at the 90% confidence level.

The results of the batgrbproduct analysis are available at https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/notices_s/1064421/BA/.

3. XRT Observations and Analysis

Analysis of the initial XRT data was reported by Evans and Lien (GCN Circ. 30621). We have analysed 10 ks of XRT data for GRB 210807C, from 166 s to 149.0 ks after the BAT trigger. The data comprise 203 s in Windowed Timing (WT) mode (the first 9 s were taken while Swift was slewing) with the remainder in Photon Counting (PC) mode. The enhanced XRT position for this burst was given by Goad et al. (GCN Circ. 30615).

The light curve (Figure 2) can be modelled with an initial power-law decay with an index of α=4.1 (+1.2, -1.0), followed by a break at T+324 s to an α of 1.28 (+0.08, -0.07).

A spectrum formed from the WT mode data can be fitted with an absorbed power-law with a photon spectral index of 2.28 (+0.15, -0.14). The best-fitting absorption column is 4.9 ± 0.4 x 1022 cm-2, in excess of the Galactic value of 8.5 x 1021 cm-2 (Willingale et al. 2013). The PC mode spectrum has a photon index of 2.5 ± 0.6 and a best-fitting absorption column of 6.0 (+1.8, -1.5) x 1022 cm-2. The counts to observed (unabsorbed) 0.3-10 keV flux conversion factor deduced from this spectrum is 7.6 x 10-11 (4.1 x 10-10) erg cm-2 count-1.

A summary of the PC-mode spectrum is thus:
Total column: 6.0 (+1.8, -1.5) x 1022 cm-2
Galactic foreground: 8.5 x 1021 cm-2
Excess significance: 5.5 σ
Photon index: 2.5 ± 0.6

The results of the XRT team automatic analysis are available at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_products/01064421.

4. UVOT Observations and Analysis

The Swift/UVOT began settled observations of the field of GRB 210807C 180 s after the BAT trigger (LaPorte and Lien GCN Circ. 30619). No optical afterglow consistent with the XRT position is detected in the initial UVOT exposures. Table 3 gives preliminary magnitudes using the UVOT photometric system (Breeveld et al. 2011, AIP Conf. Proc., 1358, 373). No correction has been made for the expected extinction in the Milky Way corresponding to a reddening of EB-V of 3.076 mag. in the direction of the GRB (Schlegel et al. 1998).

BAT light curve

Figure 1. The BAT mask-weighted light curve in the four individual and total energy bands. The units are counts s-1 illuminated-detector-1. The vertical green dash-dotted lines show the T50 interval, the vertical black dashed lines show the T90 interval, and vertical blue (orange) solid lines show the start (stop) of slews.

XRT light curve

Figure 2. The XRT light curve. Any data from a crosshatched region are not included in the fit.

RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Error Note Reference
09h34m08.13s -51°24'03.8" 2.0" XRT-final UKSSDC
09h34m08.13s -51°24'03.8" 2.0" XRT-enhanced Goad et al. GCN Circ. 30615
09h34m09.7s -51°24'32.8" 1.0' BAT-refined Barthelmy et al. GCN Circ. 30625

Table 1. Positions from the Swift instruments.

Band Authors GCN Circ. Subject Observatory Notes
Optical Lipunov et al. 30612 Fermi GRB 210807C: Global MASTER-Net
observations report
MASTER
Gamma-ray Fermi 30609 Fermi GBM Final Real-time Localization Fermi GBM
Gamma-ray Poolakkil and Meegan 30620 Fermi GBM detection Fermi GBM Epeak=170±28 keV
T90=125 seconds
Fluence=56.43±0.54x10-6erg cm-2
(95.8 percentile for long GRBs)

Table 2. Summary of GCN Circulars from other observatories sorted by band and then circular number.

Filter Tstart(s) Tstop(s) Exp(s) Mag
v 180 852 596 >19.4

Table 3. UVOT observation reported by LaPorte and Lien (GCN Circ. 30619). The start and stop time of the exposure are given in seconds since the BAT trigger. The preliminary 3-σ upper limit is given. No correction has been made for extinction in the Milky Way.

August 11, 2021