Swift Observations of GRB 180311A

K.L. Page (U. Leicester), A. Tohuvavohu (PSU) and F.E. Marshall (NASA/GSFC) for the Swift team

1. Introduction

At 18:03:49 UT, the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) triggered and located GRB 180311A (trigger=813721) (Page et al. GCN Circ. 22468). Swift slewed to the burst after a brief delay to clear the Earth limb observing contraint. At the time of the trigger, the initial BAT position was 52° from the Sun (0.8 hours East) and 66° from the 29%-illuminated Moon. Table 1 contains the best reported positions from Swift, and the latest XRT position can be viewed at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_positions.

Table 2 is a summary of GCN Circulars about this GRB from observatories other than Swift.

Standard analysis products for this burst are available at https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/swift_gnd_ana.html.

2. BAT Observations and Analysis

As reported by Stamatikos et al. (GCN Circ. 22474), the BAT ground-calculated position is RA, Dec = 3.379, -54.491 deg which is RA(J2000) = 00h13m31.0s Dec(J2000) = -54°29'26.6" with an uncertainty of 2.3 arcmin, (radius, sys+stat, 90% containment). The partial coding was 94%.

The mask-weighted light curve (Figure 1) shows a single-peaked structure that starts at ~ T0, peaks at ~T+3 s, and ends at ~T+26 s. T90 (15-350 keV) is 23.0 ± 8.7 s (estimated error including systematics).

The time-averaged spectrum from T-0.2 to T+26.6 s is best fit by a simple power-law model. The power law index of the time-averaged spectrum is 1.78 ± 0.29. The fluence in the 15-150 keV band is 3.3 ± 0.7 x 10-7 erg cm-2. This fluence is larger than that of 15% of the long GRBs in the Second BAT GRB Catalog (Sakamoto et al. 2011). The 1-s peak photon flux measured from T+2.88 s in the 15-150 keV band is 0.6 ± 0.2 ph cm-2 s-1. All the quoted errors are at the 90% confidence level.

The results of the batgrbproduct analysis are available at https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/notices_s/813721/BA/.

3. XRT Observations and Analysis

Analysis of the initial XRT data was reported by Tohuvavohu et al. (GCN Circ. 22473). We have analysed 13 ks of XRT data for GRB 180311A, from 284 s to 75.1 ks after the BAT trigger. The data are entirely in Photon Counting (PC) mode. The enhanced XRT position for this burst was given by Goad et al. (GCN Circ. 22469).

The light curve (Figure 2) can be modelled with an initial power-law decay with an index of α=3.1 (+0.9, -0.6), followed by a break at T+626 s to an α of 0.60 (+0.07, -0.06).

A spectrum formed from the PC mode data can be fitted with an absorbed power-law with a photon spectral index of 2.07 (+0.20, -0.19). The best-fitting absorption column is 5.5 (+4.3, -3.7) x 1020 cm-2, in excess of the Galactic value of 1.6 x 1020 cm-2 (Willingale et al. 2013). The counts to observed (unabsorbed) 0.3-10 keV flux conversion factor deduced from this spectrum is 3.1 x 10-11 (3.6 x 10-11) erg cm-2 count-1.

A summary of the PC-mode spectrum is thus:
Total column: 5.5 (+4.3, -3.7) x 1020 cm-2
Galactic foreground: 1.6 x 1020 cm-2
Excess significance: 1.7 σ
Photon index: 2.07 (+0.20, -0.19)

The results of the XRT team automatic analysis are available at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_products/00813721.

4. UVOT Observations and Analysis

The Swift/UVOT began settled observations of the field of GRB 180311A 280 s after the BAT trigger (Marshall and Page GCN Circ. 22475). No optical afterglow consistent with the enhanced XRT position (Goad et al. GCN Circ. 22470) is detected in the initial UVOT exposures. Table 3 gives preliminary magnitudes using the UVOT photometric system (Breeveld et al. 2011, AIP Conf. Proc., 1358, 373). No correction has been made for the expected extinction in the Milky Way corresponding to a reddening of EB-V of 0.01 mag. in the direction of the GRB (Schlegel et al. 1998).

BAT light curve

Figure 1. The BAT mask-weighted light curve in the four individual and total energy bands. The units are counts s-1 illuminated-detector-1. The vertical green dash-dotted lines show the T50 interval, the vertical black dashed lines show the T90 interval, and vertical blue (orange) solid lines show the start (stop) of slews.

XRT light curve

Figure 2. The XRT light curve. Any data from a crosshatched region are not included in the fit.

RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Error Note Reference
00h13m33.05s -54°29'29.2" 1.5" XRT-final UKSSDC
00h13m33.03s -54°29'29.2" 1.7" XRT-enhanced Goad et al. GCN Circ. 22470
00h13m31.0s -54°29'26.6" 2.3' BAT-refined Stamatikos et al. GCN Circ. 22474

Table 1. Positions from the Swift instruments.

Band Authors GCN Circ. Subject Observatory Notes

Table 2. No GCN Circulars from other observatories were found.

Filter Tstart(s) Tstop(s) Exp(s) Mag
whiteFC 280 430 147 >20.3
white 280 6742 589 >21.2
v 437 7155 333 >19.4
b 536 8600 488 >20.9
u 511 7770 561 >20.5
w1 486 7565 330 >20.2
m2 7160 7360 197 >20.3
w2 1187 6950 255 >20.5

Table 3. UVOT observations reported by Marshall and Page (GCN Circ. 22475). The start and stop times of the exposures are given in seconds since the BAT trigger. The preliminary 3-σ upper limits are given. No correction has been made for extinction in the Milky Way.

March 13, 2018