Swift Observations of GRB 180411A

Z. Liu (NAOC/U. Leicester), S.L. Gibson (U. Leicester) and A.A. Breeveld (UCL-MSSL) for the Swift team

1. Introduction

At 12:27:43 UT, the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) triggered and located GRB 180411A (trigger=824451) (Liu et al. GCN Circ. 22630). Swift slewed immediately to the burst. At the time of the trigger, the initial BAT position was 61° from the Sun (1.5 hours West) and 83° from the 21%-illuminated Moon. Table 1 contains the best reported positions from Swift, and the latest XRT position can be viewed at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_positions.

Table 2 is a summary of GCN Circulars about this GRB from observatories other than Swift.

Standard analysis products for this burst are available at https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/swift_gnd_ana.html.

2. BAT Observations and Analysis

Analysis of the BAT data was reported by Markwardt et al. (GCN Circ. 22633). Liu, et al., GCN Circ. 22630). The BAT ground-calculated position is RA, Dec = 356.840, 66.790 deg, which is RA(J2000) = 23h47m21.6s Dec(J2000) = +66°47'25.2" with an uncertainty of 1.0 arcmin, (radius, sys+stat, 90% containment). The partial coding was 97%.

The mask-weighted light curve (Figure 1) show two major episodes of overlapping peaks with the first starting at ~T-15 s, peaking at ~T+5 s, and second episode starting at ~T+42 s, peaking at ~T+52 s, and returning to zero ~T+180 s. T90 (15-350 keV) is 77.5 ± 0.9 s (estimated error including systematics).

The time-averaged spectrum from T-7.02 to T+92.38 s is best fit by a simple power-law model. The power law index of the time-averaged spectrum is 1.46 ± 0.03. The fluence in the 15-150 keV band is 1.2 ± 0.0 x 10-5 erg cm-2. This fluence is larger than that of 93.7% of the long GRBs in the Second BAT GRB Catalog (Sakamoto et al. 2011). The 1-s peak photon flux measured from T+51.74 s in the 15-150 keV band is 6.1 ± 0.2 ph cm-2 s-1. All the quoted errors are at the 90% confidence level.

The results of the batgrbproduct analysis are available at https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/notices_s/824451/BA/.

3. XRT Observations and Analysis

Analysis of the initial XRT data was reported by Gibson et al. (GCN Circ. 22632). We have analysed 22 ks of XRT data for GRB 180411A, from 72 s to 74.3 ks after the BAT trigger. The data comprise 200 s in Windowed Timing (WT) mode with the remainder in Photon Counting (PC) mode.

The late-time light curve (Figure 2) (from T0+4.4 ks) can be modelled with an initial power-law decay with an index of α=1.14 (+0.05, -0.17), followed by a break at T+55.0 ks to an α of 3.6 (+3.9, -2.2).

A spectrum formed from the WT mode data can be fitted with an absorbed power-law with a photon spectral index of 1.68 ± 0.10. The best-fitting absorption column is 1.54 (+0.16, -0.15) x 1022 cm-2, in excess of the Galactic value of 8.3 x 1021 cm-2 (Willingale et al. 2013). The PC mode spectrum has a photon index of 1.98 (+0.15, -0.14) and a best-fitting absorption column of 1.80 (+0.22, -0.20) x 1022 cm-2. The counts to observed (unabsorbed) 0.3-10 keV flux conversion factor deduced from this spectrum is 5.8 x 10-11 (1.2 x 10-10) erg cm-2 count-1.

A summary of the PC-mode spectrum is thus:
Total column: 1.80 (+0.22, -0.20) x 1022 cm-2
Galactic foreground: 8.3 x 1021 cm-2
Excess significance: 7.9 σ
Photon index: 1.98 (+0.15, -0.14)

The results of the XRT team automatic analysis are available at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_products/00824451.

4. UVOT Observations and Analysis

The Swift/UVOT began observations of the field of GRB 180411A 64 s after the BAT trigger with a settling exposure in the V filter (Breeveld and Liu GCN Circ. 22638). The UVOT safety circuit tripped 3.4s into the following UV grism exposure, most likely due to the bright star HD223128, 5.08 arcmin from the burst position. Table 3 gives preliminary magnitudes using the UVOT photometric system (Breeveld et al. 2011, AIP Conf. Proc., 1358, 373). No correction has been made for the expected extinction in the Milky Way corresponding to a reddening of EB-V of 1.104 mag. in the direction of the GRB (Schlegel et al. 1998).

BAT light curve

Figure 1. The BAT mask-weighted light curve in the four individual and total energy bands. The units are counts s-1 illuminated-detector-1. The vertical green dash-dotted lines show the T50 interval, the vertical black dashed lines show the T90 interval, and vertical blue (orange) solid lines show the start (stop) of slews.

XRT light curve

Figure 2. The XRT light curve. Any data from a crosshatched region are not included in the fit.

RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Error Note Reference
23h47m24.96s +66°46'42.5" 3.5" XRT-final UKSSDC
23h47m24.97s +66°46'42.5" 3.5" XRT-refined Gibson et al. GCN Circ. 22632
23h47m21.6s +66°47'25.2" 1.0' BAT-refined Markwardt et al. GCN Circ. 22633

Table 1. Positions from the Swift instruments.

Band Authors GCN Circ. Subject Observatory Notes
Optical Stecklum et al. 22637 Tautenburg observations Tautenburg
Gamma-ray Poolakkil et al. 22634 Fermi GBM detection Fermi GBM Epeak=358±30 keV
T90=77.6 seconds
Fluence=3.276±0.085x10-5erg cm-2
(91st percentile for long GRBs)
Gamma-ray Frederiks et al. 22639 Konus-Wind observation Konus-Wind Epeak=239 (-49,+55) keV
Gamma-ray Frederiks et al. 22640 Konus-Wind observation Konus-Wind Epeak=239 (-49,+55) keV
Gamma-ray Pal'shin et al. 22642 CALET Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor detection CALET

Table 2. Summary of GCN Circulars from other observatories sorted by band and then circular number.

Table 3. Found no UVOT observations.

April 13, 2018