Swift Observations of GRB 180510A

J.D. Gropp (PSU), A. D'Ai (INAF-IASFPA) and A.A. Breeveld (UCL-MSSL) for the Swift team

1. Introduction

At 19:24:34 UT, the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) triggered and located GRB 180510A (trigger=831810) (Gropp et al. GCN Circ. 22695). Swift slewed immediately to the burst. At the time of the trigger, the initial BAT position was 134° from the Sun (8.7 hours West) and 75° from the 25%-illuminated Moon. Table 1 contains the best reported positions from Swift, and the latest XRT position can be viewed at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_positions.

Table 2 is a summary of GCN Circulars about this GRB from observatories other than Swift.

Standard analysis products for this burst are available at https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/swift_gnd_ana.html.

2. BAT Observations and Analysis

BAT refined results are not available.

3. XRT Observations and Analysis

Analysis of the initial XRT data was reported by D'Ai et al. (GCN Circ. 22707). We have analysed 7.9 ks of XRT data for GRB 180510A, from 77 s to 130.4 ks after the BAT trigger. The data comprise 228 s in Windowed Timing (WT) mode (the first 9 s were taken while Swift was slewing) with the remainder in Photon Counting (PC) mode.

The late-time light curve (Figure 2) (from T0+15.8 ks) can be modelled with a power-law decay with a decay index of α=1.33 (+0.20, -0.17).

A spectrum formed from the WT mode data can be fitted with an absorbed power-law with a photon spectral index of 1.94 (+0.08, -0.07). The best-fitting absorption column is 5.2 ± 0.5 x 1021 cm-2, in excess of the Galactic value of 2.1 x 1021 cm-2 (Willingale et al. 2013). The PC mode spectrum has a photon index of 2.01 (+0.30, -0.28) and a best-fitting absorption column of 3.5 (+1.4, -1.2) x 1021 cm-2. The counts to observed (unabsorbed) 0.3-10 keV flux conversion factor deduced from this spectrum is 3.8 x 10-11 (5.8 x 10-11) erg cm-2 count-1.

A summary of the PC-mode spectrum is thus:
Total column: 3.5 (+1.4, -1.2) x 1021 cm-2
Galactic foreground: 2.1 x 1021 cm-2
Excess significance: 1.9 σ
Photon index: 2.01 (+0.30, -0.28)

The results of the XRT team automatic analysis are available at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_products/00831810.

4. UVOT Observations and Analysis

The Swift/UVOT began settled observations of the field of GRB 180510A 97 s after the BAT trigger (Breeveld et al. GCN Circ. 22709). A source is detected at the edge of the refined XRT position (D’Ai et al. GCN Circ. 22707) but this is consistent with the position of a USNO-B1.0 source (at 276.332, -31.908), and it is not clear if we see any fading. Table 3 gives preliminary magnitudes using the UVOT photometric system (Breeveld et al. 2011, AIP Conf. Proc., 1358, 373). No correction has been made for the expected extinction in the Milky Way corresponding to a reddening of EB-V of 0.26 mag. in the direction of the GRB (Schlegel et al. 1998).

BAT light curve

Figure 1. The BAT mask-weighted light curve in the four individual and total energy bands. The units are counts s-1 illuminated-detector-1. The vertical green dash-dotted lines show the T50 interval, the vertical black dashed lines show the T90 interval, and vertical blue (orange) solid lines show the start (stop) of slews.

XRT light curve

Figure 2. The XRT light curve. Any data from a crosshatched region are not included in the fit.

RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Error Note Reference
18h25m19.54s -31°54'29.1" 3.6" XRT-final UKSSDC
18h25m19.54s -31°54'29.1" 3.6" XRT-refined D'Ai et al. GCN Circ. 22707
18h25m16s -31°54'38" 3' BAT-initial Gropp et al. GCN Circ. 22695

Table 1. Positions from the Swift instruments.

Band Authors GCN Circ. Subject Observatory Notes
Optical Horiuchi et al. 22730 MITSuME Ishigakijima optical upper
limits
MITSuME Ishigakijima upper limits
Gamma-ray Tsvetkova et al. 22722 Konus-Wind observation Konus-Wind Epeak=237 (-56,+126) keV
Duration=~23.5 seconds
Fluence=1.07(-0.14,+0.21)x10-5erg cm-2

Table 2. Summary of GCN Circulars from other observatories sorted by band and then circular number.

Filter Tstart(s) Tstop(s) Exp(s) Mag
whiteFC 97 247 147 20.0 ± 0.3
white 28989 29010 21 >19.2
v 22961 23272 301 >19.4
b 28076 28983 885 20.2 ± 0.2
u 310 322 12 >17.6
uvw1 15854 16753 886 >20.6
uvw2 22055 22955 886 >20.5

Table 3. UVOT observations reported by Breeveld et al. (GCN Circ. 22709). The start and stop times of the exposures are given in seconds since the BAT trigger. The preliminary detections and 3-σ upper limits are given. No correction has been made for extinction in the Milky Way.

May 15, 2018