Swift Observations of GRB 200716C

T.N. Ukwatta (LANL) and J.D. Gropp (PSU) for the Swift team

1. Introduction

At 22:57:41 UT, the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) triggered and located GRB 200716C (trigger=982707) (Ukwatta et al. GCN Circ. 28124). Swift slewed immediately to the burst. At the time of the trigger, the initial BAT position was 71° from the Sun (5.3 hours East) and 110° from the 15%-illuminated Moon. Table 1 contains the best reported positions from Swift, and the latest XRT position can be viewed at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_positions.

Ukwatta et al. (GCN Circ. 28124) reported the detection with UVOT of an optical afterglow. Lipunov et al. (GCN Circ. 28125) reported the position from MASTER for the optical afterglow of this GRB. Table 2 is a summary of GCN Circulars about this GRB from observatories other than Swift.

Standard analysis products for this burst are available at https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/swift_gnd_ana.html.

2. BAT Observations and Analysis

As reported by Barthelmy et al. (GCN Circ. 28136), the BAT ground-calculated position is RA, Dec = 196.011, 29.636 deg which is RA(J2000) = 13h04m02.5s Dec(J2000) = +29°38'08.4" with an uncertainty of 1.0 arcmin, (radius, sys+stat, 90% containment). The partial coding was 57%.

The mask-weighted light curve (Figure 1) shows two prominent peaks, first at ~T+0.1 s and the second at ~T+2.1. Significant activity is still visible until ~T+90 s. T90 (15-350 keV) is 86 ± 17 s (estimated error including systematics).

The time-averaged spectrum from T-0.42 to T+112.63 s is best fit by a simple power-law model. The power law index of the time-averaged spectrum is1.65 ± 0.09. The fluence in the 15-150 keV band is 3.6 ± 0.2 x 10-6 erg cm-2. This fluence is larger than that of 76% of the long GRBs in the Second BAT GRB Catalog (Sakamoto et al. 2011). The 1-s peak photon flux measured from T-0.18 s in the 15-150 keV band is 10.7 ± 0.5 ph cm-2 s-1. All the quoted errors are at the 90% confidencelevel.

The results of the batgrbproduct analysis are available at https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/notices_s/982707/BA/.

3. XRT Observations and Analysis

Analysis of the initial XRT data was reported by Gropp et al. (GCN Circ. 28129). We have analysed 17 ks of XRT data for GRB 200716C, from 86 s to 109.3 ks after the BAT trigger. The data comprise 578 s in Windowed Timing (WT) mode with the remainder in Photon Counting (PC) mode. The enhanced XRT position for this burst was given by Goad et al. (GCN Circ. 28128).

The late-time light curve (Figure 2) (from T0+4.3 ks) can be modelled with a power-law decay with a decay index of α=1.60 ± 0.07.

A spectrum formed from the WT mode data can be fitted with an absorbed power-law with a photon spectral index of 1.56 ± 0.03. The best-fitting absorption column is 5.8 (+1.0, -0.9) x 1020 cm-2, in excess of the Galactic value of 1.1 x 1020 cm-2 (Willingale et al. 2013). The PC mode spectrum has a photon index of 1.49 (+0.11, -0.05) and a best-fitting absorption column consistent with the Galactic value. The counts to observed (unabsorbed) 0.3-10 keV flux conversion factor deduced from this spectrum is 4.2 x 10-11 (4.3 x 10-11) erg cm-2 count-1.

A summary of the PC-mode spectrum is thus:
Total column: 1.1 (+2.1, -0.0) x 1020 cm-2
Galactic foreground: 1.1 x 1020 cm-2
Excess significance: <1.6 σ
Photon index: 1.49 (+0.11, -0.05)

The results of the XRT team automatic analysis are available at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_products/00982707.

4. UVOT Observations and Analysis

UVOT results are not available.

BAT light curve

Figure 1. The BAT mask-weighted light curve in the four individual and total energy bands. The units are counts s-1 illuminated-detector-1. The vertical green dash-dotted lines show the T50 interval, the vertical black dashed lines show the T90 interval, and vertical blue (orange) solid lines show the start (stop) of slews.

XRT light curve

Figure 2. The XRT light curve. Any data from a crosshatched region are not included in the fit.

RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Error Note Reference
13h04m02.43s +29°38'40.6" 0.75" UVOT-initial Ukwatta et al. GCN Circ. 28124
13h04m02.47s +29°38'38.7" 1.4" XRT-final UKSSDC
13h04m02.47s +29°38'38.6" 1.5" XRT-enhanced Goad et al. GCN Circ. 28128
13h04m02.5s +29°38'08.4" 1.0' BAT-refined Barthelmy et al. GCN Circ. 28136

Table 1. Positions from the Swift instruments.

Band Authors GCN Circ. Subject Observatory Notes
Optical Lipunov et al. 28122 Swift GRB200716.96: Global MASTER-Net
observations report
MASTER
Optical Lipunov et al. 28125 Swift GRB200716C: Global MASTER-Net OT
detection
MASTER detection
Optical Hu et al. 28126 BOOTES-1 optical afterglow detection BOOTES-1 detection
Optical Kumar et al. 28138 Optical observations from HCT Himalayan Chandra Telescope
Optical Gokuldass et al. 28146 VIRT optical detection. Virgin Island Robotic Telescope detection
Optical Jelinek et al. 28149 FRAM-ORM afterglow detection FRAM detection
Optical Pozanenko et al. 28151 CrAO, Terskol, Assy-Turgen optical
observations
CrAO detection
Optical Kann et al. 28152 CAHA optical observation // Anomalous
light curve behavior?
CAHA light curve
Optical Belkin et al. 28154 Kitab optical observations detection
Gamma-ray Fermi 28123 Fermi GBM Final Real-time Localization Fermi GBM
Gamma-ray Ohno et al. 28130 Fermi-LAT detection Fermi LAT Emax=8.2 GeV
Gamma-ray Ursi et al. 28133 AGILE/MCAL detection AGILE
Gamma-ray Veres and Meegan 28135 Fermi GBM detection Fermi GBM Epeak=716±97 keV
T90=5.3 seconds
Fluence=9.57±0.25x10-6erg cm-2
(74th percentile for long GRBs)
Gamma-ray Torii et al. 28139 CALET Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor detection CALET
Gamma-ray Xue et al. 28145 Insight-HXMT/HE detection Insight-HXMT T90=2.16 seconds
Gamma-ray Frederiks et al. 28147 Konus-Wind observation Konus-Wind Epeak=652 (-154,+241) keV
Fluence=1.2±0.2x10-5erg cm-2
Gamma-ray Frederiks et al. 28148 Konus-Wind observation of GRB 200716C:
correction to GCN Circ. 28147
Konus-Wind Epeak=652 (-154,+241) keV
Fluence=1.2±0.2x10-5erg cm-2
Other D’Avanzo 28132 possible host galaxy from the SDSS

Table 2. Summary of GCN Circulars from other observatories sorted by band and then circular number.

July 24, 2020